Category: Policy

  • Roles reversed

    Roles reversed

    The nature of a teenage mind is similar to my thought process now when I’m halfway through an argument and realise I’m wrong. Adamant and ready to double down on my convictions, even if entirely misguided.

    The only difference now is that I can’t use an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex as a scapegoat.

    A lack of understanding often builds resentment builds in insidious ways, creeping in and occupying the attic of your brain, biding time until the weight starts to compound and inevitably crashes to the forefront of your mind.

    I became accustomed to operating with a lack of information, shaped by growing up on a need-to-know basis, vulnerability and transparency were largely absent from conversation, if there was any conversation at all.

    Like most young people, all I wanted was the freedom to make my own choices. Frustrated when my well rehearsed pitch to go to parties or hang out with friends were met with a firm no.

    Convinced I had the foresight, sound judgement and life skills to handle any adverse or unpredictable outcomes.

    Looking back I’m grateful I was safeguarded and managed, as an impulsive, undiagnosed ADHD teenager it is likely that risks were removed from me before I ever had a chance to experience what they were.

    It also made me realise that at that age, I actually had more free reign than I assumed. By the time I was 16, I was the decision maker to remove myself from private school education, dropping out of high school to work in administration and ultimately deciding to return to school and repeat year 11 to receive my high school certificate.

    Each of those critical factors shaping my future was led by me.

    At the same age, being confronted with the murder of a close friend was entirely out of my control, but I was in charge of my response and how to manage it. In hindsight, I delivered more practical outcomes for a funeral than I did for my entire HSC.

    When I think of being granted with freedom as a teenager, I instinctively envision a carefree reality, moving through life on a whim and unbridled by the existential dread of making decisions on anything that actually mattered.

    Now, at almost twice that age, I realise my friends and I had enough independence to shape the course of our lives before we could even buy a bottle of wine. We were granted early access to a level of autonomy and decision making that resulted in real world consequences.

    The novelty of life is that it’s not linear and every day it presents new opportunities to course correct to chart a new path forward.

    The irrefutable truth is that pre-determinants and lived experience are the cards you’re dealt. While individual choices can lead to different outcomes, there’s always an existing set of circumstances that can’t just be reshuffled. Luck and chance will always be present, but how you decide to play your hand is up to you.

    As you get older, it’s inevitable that you take the lead and start calling the shots.

    At some point we hit a crossroads, where the veil lifts and you realise that your all knowing, larger than life parents are just people who are also muddling through and trying to figure it out in real time.

    Their flaws and fears become visible and suddenly the things they did, and choices they made start to feel more understandable. It is both grounding and disorienting, to realise you’re living a shared human experience of just doing the best you can with what you know.

    You see them at eye level as opposed to being ten feet tall. But this can be a fleeting moment as roles reverse and you become the lead.

    The timeline of that realisation is rarely equal. Class plays its part, shaping when it happens and how heavy the load becomes once it does. With some bearing the navigator role as a minor, unaware of any other reality and unknowingly forfeiting a childlike sensibility in place of a hardwired mindset of survival.

    With competing priorities at play, success is often correlated to sacrifice. If you’re required to cover a wider area of core needs for more people than just yourself, it ultimately results in less resources for up-skilling and getting ahead, fuelling the vicious cycle of intergenerational disadvantage.

    Temporary hardship can be resolved with curative solutions, whereas breaking patterns has to come from preventive measures. Reform steeped in education and aimed at equitable and accessible opportunities.

    On average, most people default to Google to seek out information. Even then it can be difficult and ambiguous to extract what you need, let alone even understanding there is more out there than gets captured in your keyword search.

    You can’t look for something you don’t know exists.

    Identifying ways to improve our lives is not as innate or intuitive in the same way we know how to service our core needs.

    If our cars need fuel, we know to go to a service station, if we need groceries we know to head to the supermarket, if we need to deposit money we know to go to the bank, if we need medication we know to go to the chemist.

    If you are having problems with your landlord, do you know there is a Rental Commissioner and that new legislative reforms may apply to your situation? If you are trying to resolve a toll dispute, are you aware there are two different ombudsmen depending on the road where the fee was issued? And if you have been hit with the Medicare Levy at tax time, do you know it can be offset by taking out basic hospital cover? But if you do so after 31 you are signed up for a lifetime tax for being late to the game.

    You don’t know what you don’t know.

    This is amplified when these systems that you are captured in often impact your day to day, in the same regularity of buying bread or getting a prescription filled.

    Whether you’re a creative searching for grants, entrepreneur looking for funding, or just wanting to get a better deal from your energy provider. Start your search on government websites (federal and relevant state/territory as there are different initiatives across different levels of government) and branch out from there.

    My recommendation doesn’t stem from a suggestion that government resources are the holy grail, but it does provide a credible starting point to use as a springboard to other sources and can help verify some dated reddit thread you’re banking on.

  • Millennial middle managers

    Millennial middle managers

    Not too long ago, millennials were branded the carefree generation who wanted it all without putting in the work. Raised to believe that grit and persistence could unlock the dream of home ownership, a little travel and a stable career, before the goal posts continued to move.

    As Gen Z takes its turn as the “lazy” generation, millennials are left managing the space in between. Too young to profit from structures of the past, too shaped by it to start from scratch.

    The evolution of technology is where the push and pull feels strongest. Millennials grew up alongside the rise of social media, streaming and smartphones, creating the bridge between the offline and online worlds. They navigated uncharted territory, learning how to live both publicly and privately through screens.

    They are old enough to remember life before the internet, yet still carry a faded memory of life offline that helps them sense check reality, even if not always successfully.

    Now they’re raising kids in a digital world while helping their parents navigate it. They’re guiding both directions, using lived experience as their north star and trying to keep their own balance intact. Gifting them the full middle-manager experience.

    The digital divide between young and old has shifted into more of an alliance. Sharing a mutual desire for connection, community and convenience.

    Older generations have embraced technology to make everyday life easier. Accessing essential services, contributing to community groups and staying in touch with family and friends can all be done from the comfort of home.

    The double-edged sword of constant online connection is that it can also create an invisible bubble. With grocery deliveries, Telehealth appointments and FaceTime catch-ups, it’s possible to go days without any real world contact.

    As with most things, the inevitable cost of convenience comes with unintended consequences. Insidiously fuelling a fractured sense of belonging and a growing feeling of loneliness.

    Navigating misinformation, scams, cyber threats and the enticement of instant gratification from social media and gaming, while trying to maintain real-world relationships, is a challenge that transcends generations.

    In the final report on the Parliamentary Inquiry of Loneliness in New South Wales, problematic social media use was listed as a risk factor at the individual level.

    Johanna Pitman, Chair of the Research Subcommittee at the Groundswell Foundation, a not-for-profit tackling loneliness and its impact on mental health, says excessive social media use can limit young people’s in-person interactions and weaken real-world connections.

    The online world poses risks beyond lost connection. Gen Z have been flagged as the most likely to be scammed, while Baby Boomers still lose the most, often through social media.

    While well meaning advice can be offered to older generations to mitigate these risks, the approach for younger online users can be not only forthright, but enforceable by law under the incoming social media ban.

    The Australian Government will implement world-first laws banning under-16s from social media from December 10. Platforms will be forced to find and remove underage accounts. The reform aims to protect young people from the pressures and pitfalls of life online.

    The effectiveness of blanket bans remains a contested issue and will no doubt be tested in the coming months.

    Enduring reform doesn’t come from one solution alone. Education is a vital part of the puzzle, but it works best when supported by broader efforts that reflect the realities of today’s digital world.

    Under the Australian Curriculum, digital literacy, critical and creative thinking, and ethical understanding are core capabilities. They encourage students to use technology thoughtfully, question and create with curiosity, and make choices grounded in fairness and integrity. Together, these skills can help young people think sharper and act wiser in a digital age.

    The Australian Curriculum is updated every few years to keep pace with change. The most recent review, completed in 2021, led to Version 9.0 which started getting implemented in classrooms from 2023.

    Keeping the curriculum current is key to helping young people navigate life online. But as technology evolves faster than ever, and more teens look to peers, influencers and celebrities for advice, it raises the question of whether we are truly meeting them where
    they are.

    Developing safeguards to protect young people online is vital, but so is ensuring they can contribute to conversations shaping the digital spaces they live in.

    Participation in youth steering committees, involvement with youth organisations, submissions to parliamentary inquiries, speaking with local MPs, and sharing views with parents and teachers are all valuable ways to engage and advocate.

    Yet from a teenager’s perspective, do these really feel like opportunities to create change, or barriers that simply push them to find ways around the rules?

  • House of cards

    House of cards

    The genetics lottery used to be about health and appearance, now it seems as if homeownership is part of the draw. The prospect of becoming a homeowner is starting to feel more tied to heredity than effort.

    In the same way a medical practitioner queries about family illness, maybe mortgage lenders could start asking whether homeownership runs in the family.

    The Australian dream was once underpinned by the core values of hard work and a determined spirit. If you had this and a decent paying job then you were on track to secure your own patch of grass. In 2025, the climate is volatile and fragile with the odds stacked up against you like a house of cards.

    In the early 2000s, the cost of a home was about three to four times the median income. Today, it’s approximately nine times the median income, and in Sydney, it’s closer to 10 times the median income.

    With an eye watering housing to income ratio of 9.8, Sydney takes the crown as the least affordable housing market in the country. For the average buyer, that means 13 years of saving just to scrape together a deposit.

    Thinking of renting instead to escape the pressure? That’s no easy path either. Households in Sydney are spending an average of 33.3% of their income on rent with many paying far more. This places a large portion of the population under rental stress, which is generally defined as spending 30% or more of your income on rent.

    But you don’t need a report to tell you that. You’re more than likely experiencing this first hand.

    Granted not everyone has homeownership on their vision board. Some prefer to rent, allowing them to have more flexibility to live a transient lifestyle, or even just to tick the box of a living in the Bondi bubble before settling down.

    The key difference is choice.

    The options available to many Australian’s have significantly dwindled, forcing many to play into the hands of landlords and lenders.

    When the impact of the cost of living starts to shape how we live, we adapt to match the rate of inflation. Choosing to meal prep over dining out, exploring the outback instead of jet setting overseas, and finessing our DIY skills just enough to keep the home projects from becoming an OH&S issue.

    When it comes to housing, the alternative to extortionate rent or a lifelong deal of debt is homelessness.

    When you rent in an area you’ve always dreamed of living in, you do it knowing you’re at the whim of your agent, auditioning every 12 months and hoping your renewed lease doesn’t come with a hefty rent hike.

    A lot can happen in the space of a year, for those really committed to testing the limits of the cost of living crisis a person could conceive and give birth during a year long lease. But with daycares and many schools being harder to access than the Qantas Chairman’s Lounge, it’s not hard to imagine why Sydney is losing around 7,000 millennials a year, many fleeing interstate in an attempt to secure a sense of stability when it comes to their home.

    In 2024, the NSW Productivity Commission released a housing report, ‘What we gain by building homes in the right places, which laid bare the toll of the housing crisis. Between 2016 and 2021, Sydney lost twice as many people aged 30 to 40 as it gained, while 35,000 moved in, 70,000 packed up and left.

    The rental laws in NSW changed earlier this year, including an end to ‘no grounds’ evictions and a limit on rent increases to once a year. But when housing is uncertain, so is everything else. Building a life, a future, or a sense of belonging feels entirely out of reach.

    For those choosing to stay in NSW, the only thing more daunting than navigating the housing market and reckoning with the cost of homeownership, is figuring out what support actually exists to help you get a foot in the door.

    Each level of government has a role to play in shaping housing policy and providing support. While State and Territory Governments receive funding for housing from the Commonwealth, they also implement their own initiatives to provide additional support to residents.

    With the odds stacked against first-home buyers, any support helps. Here’s a rundown of what someone in Sydney might be able to access when buying an existing home.

    First Home Super Saver Scheme (FHSS) – Commonwealth Program

    Navigating your superannuation is tricky at the best of times, but it can be used as a tool to help you enter the housing market. The First Home Super Saver Scheme is an initiative driven by the Commonwealth Government that allows you to make personal voluntary contributions into your super fund to help you save for your first home.

    It’s basically a side pocket in your super account that you have to fill yourself which can later be withdrawn to help form a deposit for a home you intend to live in. The scheme lets you save up to $50,000 for your first home by making voluntary contributions into your super fund.

    Key word: voluntary.

    This is not a rebranded version of the 2020 COVID-19 Early Release of Super where you had the option to withdraw $10,000 should you meet the eligibility criteria. You cannot move your existing super balance into this scheme.

    How do you get your hard earned income into this scheme?

    • You can start making contributions via salary sacrifice, it’s not an automatic process you have to request this to be arranged through your employer.
    • Salary sacrifice is when you agree to have a portion of your pay go straight into your super fund before it hits your bank account (this is in addition to the compulsory super contributions your employer makes).

    Is the admin burden worth the reward?

    • Let’s say you earn $100,000 per year before tax. That’s around $2,000 a week before tax.
    • Ask your employer to contribute $200 a week to super via salary sacrifice.
    • That $200 goes in before tax, so it’s treated as a concessional contribution.
    • Concessional contributions are taxed at 15% in super, instead of your 30% marginal tax rate on a $100,000 salary.

    In short, you’re redirecting income to save on tax while building your deposit through the First Home Super Saver Scheme.

    Can I transfer money I have in the bank into this scheme?

    If you’ve set up a ‘House Bucket’ after reading The Barefoot Investor and you’re wondering if those savings can be used in this scheme, here’s the deal.

    You can use them, but the money will need to go into your super account first. As you might expect, it’s not as simple as moving cash between everyday accounts.

    Instead, you’ll need to make a personal after-tax contribution to your super. These are known as non-concessional contributions.

    This is a different category to concessional super contributions.

    All of these fall under voluntary contributions.

    It’s got more layers than an onion and just as likely to make you cry.

    Are there contribution caps and what is the difference?

    • Concessional contributions: $30,000 annual cap

      These come from your pre-tax income and are taxed at 15% once they enter your super fund. This cap includes:

      • Salary sacrifice contributions you make.
      • Your employer’s compulsory super contributions (usually 12%, but it may be higher).
    • Non-concessional contributions: $120,000 annual cap

      These come from your after-tax income or savings, and aren’t taxed again when they enter your super. As long as you don’t claim a tax deduction for them, they’re classed as non-concessional.

      • These contributions are separate from your employer’s compulsory super and any salary sacrifice amounts.
      • They are in addition to any concessional contributions you make.
    • First Home Super Saver Scheme

      This is the super side-pocket you’re contributing to in order to save for your first home deposit.

      • $15,000 annual cap for eligible voluntary contributions.
      • $50,000 total cap across all years. That’s the maximum you can withdraw under the scheme.

    Contributions above the set caps can lead to the unintended consequence of more tax.

    Before tinkering with your super, do your research and seek professional advice to make sure this scheme is right for you.

    The First Home Super Saver Scheme comes with eligibility requirements, withdrawal rules, caps, and tax concessions and considerations.

    The tax system is a beast. Complex and interconnected. Every change has a flow-on effect to the bigger picture. The only thing worse than being stuck renting when you’re trying to buy your first home is being hit with a tax bill you didn’t see coming.

    First Home Guarantee – Commonwealth Program

    The first program shows you how to make the most of your own hard-earned income, but what is the Commonwealth Government actually putting on the table beyond helping people stretch their own savings?

    To buy a home you usually need at least 20% of the property price as a deposit.

    The First Home Guarantee Scheme allows eligible buyers purchase with just a 5% deposit. The government guarantees the remaining 15%, giving the bank confidence without making you cough up thousands in insurance.

    There are some home loans that allow you to borrow with a smaller deposit, but in return you have to pay Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).The insurance cost is put in place because you are perceived as a higher risk since you are asking to borrow 95% of the cost of the house.

    It’s not as simple as pulling together a 5% deposit and asking the government to co-sign like they’re the Bank of Mum and Dad. There are eligibility criteria, property price caps, and you’ll be competing for just 35,000 places nationwide each year.

    • You must be a first-home buyer, earning under $125K (single) or $200K (joint applicants).
    • You need to actually live in the property.
    • You can’t have owned property in Australia in the past 10 years.
    • Property price caps top out at $900,000 in Sydney and are lower elsewhere.

    First Home Buyers Assistance Scheme – State Program (NSW)

    When it comes to support offered by State Governments, stamp duty is usually a key focus as it’s controlled at the state level and comes with a hefty price tag.

    Stamp Duty is essentially a one-off government tax you pay when buying a home or land. It’s not small, the cost is often tens of thousands of dollars on top of your deposit and it has to be paid upfront.

    For example, buying an $800,000 home in NSW could mean paying over $30,000 in stamp duty, just to transfer the property into your name.

    Under the First Home Buyers Assistance Scheme, the NSW Government changed the rules in July 2023 so eligible buyers don’t pay stamp duty on homes up to $800,000, a saving of more than $30,000.

    If the property is priced between $800,000 and $1 million, you can apply for a concessional (discounted) rate. You’ll still pay some stamp duty, but significantly less than the full amount.

    Homes priced over $1 million aren’t eligible for the first home buyer discount. And while it’s reasonable for programs to have limits, it still feels like an uphill battle, especially when Sydney’s median house price hit a record $1.7 million in July 2025.

    This is just a snapshot of the government programs designed to make home ownership more attainable. They sit alongside broader efforts to build more homes, deliver supporting infrastructure, make renting fairer, and boost funding for homelessness services to strengthen the safety net.

    For the record, this isn’t financial advice. I pursued a career in words, not numbers, for good reason. But the housing crisis is now so dire, it wouldn’t be surprising if people started seeking advice from a lifelong renter with no finance background.

    Deciphering the fine print can feel overwhelming. So do your research, ask questions, get second opinions and seek professional advice.

    While the foundations for rebuilding our housing system are finally being laid, the growing anxiety around housing insecurity is rising even faster than rent or the pace of new builds.